Cipla Essay Example for Free

Cipla Essay

Relative Leader Member Exchanges †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Relative Leader Member Exchanges. Answer: Presentation: The point of the task is to direct basic examination of a pioneer who is a good example to improve my initiative characteristics and viability. The task is separated into three phases. The principal stage calls attention to the characteristics of a pioneer and ways she can utilize her administration abilities. The paper considers the branch supervisor of the coordinations organization I am utilized as a lesser administrator. The main segment is the perception segment and examines the authority styles of the branch director. It at that point dives into how she utilizes impact and capacity to lead her subordinates. The subsequent stage contains the course of events to depict this procedure of watching the administrator. This is followed a meeting of her to increase further understanding of her administration styles. The branch director in the meeting additionally uncovers about the difficulties she faces a pioneer and the significance of capacity to hold ones situation in an associatio n. The last stage contains self-impression of mine about the authority styles I would apply when I gain advancement to a pioneers position like the branch administrator. It likewise contains a suggestion for the branch chief. The branch administrator of the calculated organization I work in is a worker who is regularly viewed as fruitful and successful pioneer. I report to her as a learner chief and have the chance to interface with her on ordinary premise. Standard perceptions of her style of working and driving the branch uncovers her authority attributes and conduct. She impacts her subordinates and uses Hawthorne impact to lead and spur them. The branch chief holds a vintage of working for over five years in the strategic organization and has the experience of working in two different associations. She as of now holds the situation of an associate VP in the strategic organization and holds positive expert connection with a few other high ranking representatives. She utilizes her position and capacity to impact her subordinates (Vann, Coleman and Simpson 2014). The branch supervisor of the part of the coordinations organization I am posted in employments impact both inside and outside the associations to make sure about business. She has long stretches of understanding of working in the coordinations business and knows how coordinations industry functions. She have a few authority characteristics like center, certainty, uprightness, enthusiasm for her calling, explanatory force, dynamic force, information about the market and above all solid correspondence skills(Clarke 2013). She has practiced and shown these authority characteristics of her on a few event and has earned acknowledgment from the zenith the executives on numerous occasions. Utilization of impact inside the organization: She utilizes her persuasions to make the representatives including the lesser work proficiently. She from the outset holds a gathering each morning with her subordinates to choose the profitability parameters she anticipates that them should accomplish for the afternoon. The profitability parameters incorporate the quantity of new clients every representative should meet and number of follow up arrangements the workers ought to join in. At that point she would solicit her subordinates the assessed number from arrangements gatherings and which are probably going to win new clients who might utilize the coordinations office of the organization. She would then dissect the business and the money inflow these new clients can procure for the company(Epitropaki and Martin 2013). The branch administrator would then ask the representatives including the lesser workers whether they have any trouble in persuading a specific client. In the event that the representative being referred to happens to be a lesser worker, she would guarantee that a senior worker goes with the lesser representative for the arrangement. On the off chance that the worker happens to be a senior or if a client isn't consenting to utilize the coordinations office of the organization considerably after a few arrangements, she by and by goes with the representatives on the following arrangement. This help and worry for the workers and their exhibitions uncovers her concentration and energy for business age as a branch manager(DuBrin 2015). The branch director has incredible correspondence and influential abilities which she to impact the conduct of her subordinate representatives. She would continue reminding the representatives working under her that the zenith the executives watches their exhibitions and conduct. She on customary premise cause the representatives to understand that their superior exhibitions would realize their own advancements, work fulfillment and profession development. She would hold individual gatherings with inadequately performing workers and counsel them how to improve their performances(Northouse 2015). The branch chief oversees the exhibitions of each worker working under her and praises high performing representatives with remunerations and acknowledgment declarations. She would caution representatives who show amateurish and easygoing demeanor towards their work. These activities of her uncover a few administration characteristics. They uncover her anxiety for her adherents and their exhi bitions. These activities of her uncover her inspiration and execution examining power. It tends to be said that these characteristics of her have incredible impacts on the representatives at the branch(Daft 2014). Her constant oversight urged representatives to accomplish significant level of exhibitions by gaining new clients, keeping up sound connection with the current clients. The result of her impact as a branch head was that the representatives prevailing with regards to securing an enormous customer base that utilized the coordinations offices of the organization which produced remarkable incomes for branch and the organization overall. It merits referencing that a portion of the clients gained and kept up under the authority of the branch director are global organizations who utilizes the coordinations offices of the organization and creates tremendous income on normal premise (Bernab-Moreno et al. 2015). Utilization of effect on the clients: The branch administrator utilizes her fantastic persuasive authority forces to win clients from much greater coordinations organizations. She first uses her enormous correspondence and influential aptitudes to win clients. She locations and treats the new clients as though they were existing clients. She from the start addresses the clients, poses significant inquiries and their business necessities to dissect their tendency of coordinations requirements(Tanriverdi and Uysal 2015). For instance, if the client happened to be a main soda selling organization, she would pose inquiries identifying with the volume of stock (jugs of sodas) they typically convey per parcel and the areas they send the stock to. She at that point examinations the business needs of the clients dependent on their answers. She features before them the upsides of working with the organization and the offices, which the organization can give its clients. She would frequently think about between the offices of the coordinations organizations to its rivals to feature the upper hand of the previous. This forceful compelling procedure of procuring customers of hers frequently prevails with regards to wining new clients for the coordinations company(Dagger and Danaher 2014). I on a past event talked with her colleague and he also said that the branch director utilizes her impact to prevail upon clients to add to the companys customers and business age. The branch administrator frequently utilizes her situation to lead her subordinates to guarantee consistent age of business and constant inflow of income. The coordinations organization has two wide divisions, the working workplaces which create income and do all the back office activities and the coordinations office which keeps up the stockrooms and coordinations vehicles. The working workplaces direct the coordinations division to give stockrooms or coordinations transport offices to the clients and guarantees the customers get predominant coordinations offices. The business staffs of the branch meet the customers at customary interims to think about their objections and new requirements(Pennings et al. 2014). They private their branch heads and the coordinations division heads about the protests and new necessities of the clients. Our branch administrator keeps an exacting vigil on the necessities and the objections of the clients. She guarantees that their prerequisites are met and the grievances are settled, if conceivable. This forceful utilization of position to guarantee consumer loyalty encourages the organization to keep up long haul business associations with large clients and create proceed with income by giving coordinations administrations to them(Gupta, Gautam and Khare 2015). The branch supervisor as one of the VPs of the organization utilizes her capacity to guarantee that the clients of the branch get speedy coordinations benefits, best case scenario rates. She utilizes her capacity to impact the human asset office and a couple of ranking directors to affirm retention of four able redistribute representatives into the finance of the organization. The branch utilizes her situation to feature the superior exhibitions of the representatives at the branch before the administration. This guarantees the representative get acknowledgments and advancement to higher posts which bring them work fulfillment and career(Treem and Leonardi 2013). This successful and strong authority of the branch director rouse the subordinate representatives to achieve high level of business execution. It is this impact and intensity of hers that has made the branch the most noteworthy income and business worker branch(Fleming and Spicer 2014). Our branch utilizes her capacity of a VP in her own life to increase profitable arrangements at inns and cafés. She is hitched and her better half is a legal advisor. She utilized her situation of a VP to pick up work life balance like benefiting herself paid excursions. She went to intriguing vacationer areas and remained at five star inns. She utilized her capacity to get the records division repay her all the individual costs. She on one event utilized the organization

American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Rights :: American America History

American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Rights Scarcely any political records have influenced the world very like the American Declaration of Independence or the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The repercussions of each have profoundly affected world history so far. Be that as it may, for what reason did these archives have such an impact? The appropriate response lies in the normal philosophical foundations of the two. The compositions of Rousseau, Locke and Montesquieu every single contained thought that were later utilized by Thomas Jefferson and the National Assembly to make the two archives. Rousseau's thoughts of an implicit understanding, which expresses that the general will and the individuals were sovereign, and if a lord manhandles the freedom of the individuals they have a privilege and an obligation to break down the ebb and flow government and make another one (McKay, 581), were vital to the two records. Jefferson had Rousseau's thoughts as a main priority when he composed the Declaration of Independence. The historical backdrop of the current King of Great Britain [George III] is a past filled with rehashed wounds and usurpations, all having in direct article the foundation of a flat out oppression over these states...a sovereign, whose character is in this manner set apart by each demonstration which may characterize a despot, is unfit to be the leader of a free people...we therefore...solemnly distribute and pronounce, that these United Colonies are...independent states... (Jefferson, 1-2). The reasons, for example, suspension of frontier assemblies, impressm ent of American mariners and the importation of soldiers of fortune (Jefferson, 2), given for the disintegration of the political associations that the American and British individuals have held for more than 100 years all identify with the King's overbearing propensities and the people groups option to pick an alternate government. The declaration likewise expresses that in spite of the fact that petitions of complaints were given, the King deliberately ignored. The Declaration of the Rights of Man isn't just based on the implicit agreement, yet in addition on Rousseau's concept of general will of the individuals. He characterizes the general will as being, Consecrated and total, mirroring the basic interests of the individuals, who have uprooted the ruler as the holder of the sovereign forces. (McKay, 581) Passing and authorizing self-assertive laws are viewed as a demonstration of oppression and a considerable explanation, as per Rousseau, to proclaim the momentum government void and build up another one. Article VII plainly expresses that self-assertive laws and requests can't exist.

The Management Model Of Barclays Bank Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Management may be defined as the act of managing something; he was given overall management of the program; is the direction of the economy a function of government? those in charge of running a business (wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn) In the nineteenth century, Robert Owen and Charles Babbage seriously took a decision to deal with the search for the development of management theory. Owen was a business man and social reformer while Babbage was a well known and a famous mathematician with a strong desire and interest in business management. (Owen,1831) Owen strongly believes that character is an after effect of the situations and that surroundings and education at the right time is important in forming a good character. While being surrounded with controversies all his lifetime, Owen is recognized with being the predecessor of the modern human relations school of management. (Babbage, 1870 He was well acknowledged for performing the fundamental research for the first practical mechanical calculator as well as doing basic research and development on an analytical engine .He is even recognised as the forerunner of todays modern computer. His interest in management came out largely from his concerns with work specialization or the degree to which work is divided into its parts. This is now recognized as being the top in the list of contemporary operations research. Babbages other major contribution in the field of management came from the development of a modern profit-sharing plan which includes an employee bonus for better performances and even a share of the companys profits. According to the classical school of thought the definition goes a little extra . They have not only developed a compre hensive theory of management ,but also developed the potential which a manager needs in order to deal with the organizational challenges. Management is a vast subject and should be discussed from different angles. The concept of CVF cannot be ruled out as it plays a very fundamental role in how organisations function and prove themselves in the business arena. According to (Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1983, p.363) Effectiveness is the main idea of the organizational literature whereas its definition is controversial but not always. The CVF has certain principles . The first principle focuses on the organisational benefits from an internal point of view ie, about the welfare of the employees in an organisation to the external point of view on the well-being and the profiting of the organisation itself. The second principle focuses on the issues related to organizational structure, with a greater emphasis on stability and flexibility. Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983, p.370) qu oted that these two sets of competing values are renowned dilemmas in the organizational literature. For instance, Denison and Mishras (1995, p.209) case study showed that activities involving employees can drop into narrow-mindedness and have a negative impact on performance which may in an unsatisfactorily output, for the organization may exaggerate the internal integration and neglect to adapt to the external environment. Similarly, the different views of different persons, directs in considering order and control versus innovation and change are the of the most heated debates in sociology, political science, and psychology. All this results in to effective management which is all related to the CVF. Barclays an overview Barclays plc is a British financial services firm operating throughout the world. It is a holding company that is listed on the London and New York stock exchanges, and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange until 2008. It is also a part of the FTSE 100 Index. This bank originated in the year 1690 when John Freame and Thomas Gould started their business as goldsmith bankers in Lombard Street, London. The name Barclays became related with the business in 1736, when James Barclay, son-in-law of John Freame, one of the founders, became a part in their business. [6] In 1728, the bank shifted to 54 Lombard Street, which was identified by the Sign of the Black Spread Eagle, over the years it became a core part of the banks identity. Then in 1924 the planned invasion of National Bank of Kingston was almost complete but was halted three days before finalisation. Recent Developments In March 2009 it was reported that in 2008, Barclays received billions of dollars from its insurance activities with AIG, including $8.5bn from funds provided by the United States taxpayers to bail out AIG. On 12 June 2009, Barclays sold its Global Investors unit, which comprises its exchange traded fund business, iShares, to Black Rock for $13.5bn. Standard Life sold Standard Life Bank plc to Barclays plc in October 2009. The sale completed on 1 January 2010On 11 November 2009, Barclays and First Data which is a global technology provider of information commerce, have signed an agreement according to which Barclays will move a range of card portfolios to First Datas issuing and consumer finance platform. On February 13, 2010 Barclays announced it would pay more than  £2 billion in bonuses https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays SWOT analysis Barclays Strengths Barclays has its global presence spread through out the world, allowing it to spread risk and enjoy economies of scale. The Barclays is a well-established brand in times gone by and promotes continually through out the year , as in the sponsorship of Premier League football. Barclays is particularly linked with innovating new things. It was the first to bring the credit card in 1966, and has continued to expand their horizon in developing cards, recently with the One Pulse card combing Oyster, cashless and credit functions for London-based customers. The opening of several new branches along with a restoration programme with an attempt to progress in satisfying customer demands for a high reputation in the market. Weaknesses The Services provided in Zimbabwe to individuals who are associated with Zanu PF have resulted in many unwanted controversies and raised questions about Barclays ethical position: investors are highly concerned about ethics. Large bonuses and incentives for Directors have attracted useless attention from observers, and it has been guessed that the banks unwillingness to take financial support from the UK government is because that would end the banks self government ability in terms of their business. Plans to expand in Asia were restricted when Barclays were out of the competition with ABN Amro in 2006, and substitute expansion plans have had to be implemented. The bank does not pay any dividends on its shares until the second half of 2009, making the investors to step back in this regard. Opportunities Barclays was very much interested to get hold of some of Lehmans assets before its collapse: but to their advantage, after the collapse they have been able to bargain a better deal which also allowed them to be very choosy in parts of the business where they acquired. The banks approach is to offer a full group or a set of services through out the world, providing an extensive variety of trading or cross-selling opportunities. Asia is still considered a chance for Barclays expansion, and process of setting up have been started in a number of countries. Welfare measures to the investors has been decreased in many countries because of the taxes and the other costs payable to governments, and Barclays finds self-provision as a growing trend that it can make use of. The court recently found that Barclays banking charges, which had been challenged legally, were enforceable, thus repayment is not necessary and charges can continue to be enforced. Threats If the economic downturn is lasting for a longer period of time, acquisition of Lehmans assets could prove to be a fault Barclays has been charged of moving loss-making investments into those of other investors, and there is a risk it may result into legal action. While offering a wide range of services providing many opportunities for the investors, there is also a threat that customers may go directly to the suppliers, who present a more focused approach. Barclays was popularised for closing branches due to a high occurrence of this in 2000, and the other competitors have been able to take this as an advantage to point themselves as more consumer-friendly through a plan of keeping branches open. The Barclays expansion in Asia is found to be as risky given that they dont stand in competition with banking industry leaders regarding capitalisation, and this may detract investors. https://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analysis-database/barclays-ban k-swot-analysis/ Porters Five force analysis of Barclays Entry Barriers (High) The rising markets such as India and Africa are highly regulated and controlled by the government and also by the central banks. A lot depends on the higher authorities and the central banks of these countries who makes decisions such as regularization of interests on loans and deposits as well as money supply . There are many entry barriers to be faced when any foreign bank enters into India. The people of these countries look for safety of their investments and prefer to deposit in the government or public sector banks and this may prove to be a drawback. The restriction on the number of branches would also add to the disadvantages as people in the rural areas would not be able to access the banks. When it comes to product differentiation Barclays business strategy works for urban and niche or corporate customers Rivalry among the Existing Competitors (High) When it comes to competition in emerging markets which includes a whole lot of public as well as private banks along with NBFCs and microfinance institutions in rural areas, it is really hard to survive. Progressing from such markets is even more difficult when compared to entry due to high regulations and the time it takes to run the business. However it was a good strategy used by Barclays in Africa. Obtaining major stakes in Absa gives them easy entry in an untouched market and also a good brand name. Bargaining power (Medium) The suppliers of a bank are the people who invest and from whom the banks raise funds. In most of the markets Barclays is a non listed company and so the major source of funds are its customers (depositors), who are the Barclays suppliers in this case. The customers or the depositors have a high bargaining power in the market as they are the source of funds for any bank. Any bank which gives a higher rate of interest would attract a larger number of depositors towards it which would result in the huge funds for the bank. This is the reason why private banks offer higher rate of interest as compared to other government banks especially for the long term depositors. Threat of New Entry (High) Financial system in banking sector would be fluctuating the markets which are still not settled and expanding their reach to a large number of customers which would mean higher net profit margins through volumes. Barclay has been trying to implement this strategy by continuously finding new markets and entering them. Their rush into emerging market in Western Europe, Africa (through Absa) and India shows their constant attempt to enter into new markets and acquire a brand name for the organisation. However they need to overcome the high competition from financial companies as well as microfinance institutions who provide easy financial solutions to the poor and also for the small business. As new competitors are entering the market everyday, Barclays face a high completion from them. Threat from Substitutes (High) There are many organisations in the retail finance industry that give financial support such as moneylenders, NBFCs, microfinance and also the insurance companies. Banks offer a group of services other than taking deposits and lending money, but when it comes to insurance, mutual funds or fixed income securities, even these are the non-banking financial services company which offer the same services as in a bank. Management Model Diversity and Inclusion Barclays Human Resources recognises the importance of attracting, retaining, and developing a variety of world-class professionals who can place the organisation on the top . We identify, advancement and reward all talent, valuing and try to build the power of diversity amongst our people to offer our clients inspired and modern solutions. Working to implant diversity in all areas, It strive to: Build a workforce that directly reflects the needs of the communities and so we are best able to understand our clients needs and act accordingly to satisfy the needs of the customers. The organisation makes sure that the hidden talents of each employee are taken out and fully utilised, and that all the employees and clients are treated equally not taking into consideration his personal feelings, race, religion or belief, gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, nationality. The organisation strives to maintain a work favourable environment that instils a sense of dignity an d respect, where all employees feel free to fully contribute to the growth and success of the firm without experiencing nuisance or bias from any level of the organisation. improve our ability to attract and retain clients and employees by maintaining good relations and enhancing our reputation for fairness, transparency, integrity and consistent delivery of best-in-class solutions and services to our customers. Diversity is very important for a business; by inhibiting diversity into all aspects of our work we maximise the opportunity to collaborate with other firms which helps in achieving nonstop business growth and success. Impact and Recommendations Such an approach will have a long lasting result on the future development of Barclays. This is because by encouraging diversity, Barclays will be able to cash on its loads of experiences in handling diverse culture and therefore it easily helps them in entering other countries to expand its business operations without any hindrances. It will also be an opportunity to get a closer and a clearer view of how different cultures conduct business operations and examine their terms and conditions. According to Robert E Diamond , President of Barclays PLC and CEO of Corporate and Investment Banking, and Wealth Management ; If we are really aspiring to be a truly international firm, with a diversified base of clients, then we need to plan organize ourselves to look a lot like the people we are serving and plan strategies that fit the budget of the customers. The only technique by which we can compete with the other firms in the market and keep hold of the best talent in the industry, ar ound the world, is to have a culture at the work place that can attract and retain people from all kinds of locale. Our focus on diversity is important not only because its one of the strategies to develop, but because its good business.

Cultural Appropriation Has Been A Major Issue Of Interest

CULTURAL APPROPRIATATION Since time immemorial cultural appropriation has been a major issue of interest to the extent it is discussed and analyzed using different opinions by people. Cultural appropriation entails the use or adoption of another culture’s elements either by an individual or group of people. It has been customary among the people in the world who lend and borrow each other’s cultures which has continued for long since the human society began(Sanders 46). Controversies might arise in cases when the elements of a minority culture are borrowed by the groups or individuals from the majority culture. Such actions are seen as inappropriate copying of the rights or identity of another culture. In such scenarios,culture elements would be said to have been adopted using the colonial manner. The failure to use the elements within the original context of a given culture is termed as wrong culture misappropriation. In most times, when cultural misappropriation tak es place there is distortion of elements which can also be lost. The subordination of the cultural elements by the majority culture would involve the social,economic or the political aspect.Then dominant or majority culture might adopt the elements of a different culture and brand it as fashion. On the other hand, a different perspective and view is used to determine the necessity of cultural appropriation and how it has continuously been adopted by different cultures all over the world (Matthes 65). ManyShow MoreRelatedMass Marketing and Cultural Appropriation Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"cultural appropriation† is vaguely known in today’s society. That is a major contradiction due to the fact that, many people are perpetrators of it. 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The Impacts of Science on Human Life Essay - 595 Words

Technology is evolving and scientists are frequently developing new concepts and theories, improving our life style and making the world ultimately a better place to live in. Science has led to many extraordinary inventions, filling our human mind with vast amount of knowledge and intelligence. For example, many types of new planets have been discovered recently. Although people have been living in the world for a very long time, it is quite recent that these planets have been discovered using telescope and other mechanisms. These newly found planets are identical to earth and believed to be supporting life, which I have found interesting. However, without the contributions of technology, it would have never been possible. Moreover,†¦show more content†¦For example, Malaysia was not a very wealthy country economically but the improvements of technology have helped their financial system in a quite extensive level. In the past, they were not stable in a financial system until the effects of complex machinery and the contributions of modern technology have rationalized their economy. In the essay, The Enchanted Forest, Bill Reid, the author, also supports this point by saying, â€Å"We all carried ashore with us the knowledge that the wave of technological assault that had begun on the other island and changed most of the continent†(Reid 319).Basically, Bill states that how technology has changed most of North America several ways. In addition, this quote is related to the essay because it illustrates how impotent science and technology is, in terms of rationalizing our economy. In view of these aspects, I would say most people would agree that it has indeed made our world a better place. Most importantly, the contributions of science and technology have made our lives more delightful. In our everyday life, we use many ordinary things, which have been modified through improvements. 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The purpose of this paper is to address how the study of Christian Science helps us better understand the impact of globalization in America, as well as the impact of American on globalization. This paper is important because globalization features a dominant worldviewRead MoreNas The Water Cycle And The Climate Impact On Humans1064 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever imagined seeing inside a hurricane? Would you like to be able to predict the water cycle and the climate impact on humans? NASA has made these opportunities possible through decades of hard work. NASA has developed rockets, Mars rovers, and earth obser ving satellites. Their main objective, to serve the American public, will improve the quality of life on planet Earth, which in turn will strengthen the American Economy. 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Just because we can reproduce does not mean we should go overboard with it as well as we do not need to accept in this country all migrants. The overpopulated world will soon suffer from this impact due to the lack of food, energy, and jobs. There is no life without a food source, we needRead MoreThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care Medicine1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care amp; Medicine Abstract Computer science can be defined as the systematic study of algorithmic processes, their theory, design, analysis, implementation and application. Its functions in the modern society today expand far beyond the uses one could even begin to imagine. Specifically, there is an increased influence in its practical application in the field of medicine. In recent times, an interdependent relationship between medicine

Causes and Effects of Air Pollution Essay Sample free essay sample

Nowadays. the advanced of engineering have made our life better than in the yesteryear. Standard of life of people is acquiring higher and higher. particularly for those life in the town. But they do non cognize our Earth has been destroyed by the clip we pursue a beautiful and epicurean life. Air pollution is one of the most serious environment jobs that have occurred for a long clip and it is non new to everyone. This job has become more and more serious as today’s people merely blindly seek for their ain net incomes and stuffs enjoyment without trouble oneselfing our sallow Earth. There are two causes and two effects of air pollution. One of the chief causes of air pollution is there are excessively many vehicles come and go. in everyplace. in today’s universe. The vehicles have already â€Å"overcrowded† . regardless where is the location and which state. every bit long as there are people. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Air Pollution Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vehicles have been an inseparable comrade in humanity as it conveying comfort and convenience to people. At the same clip. the burning of gasoline in the autos let go of C monoxide which will foul the air. It is an odorless and colorless gas that is bad to us. Use of Diesel by vehicles such as lorries and coachs which will let go of the more risky gases to the air. As the figure of vehicles keep increasing over the old ages. the air has been polluted and this may convey negative effects to us. Another cause of air pollution is let go ofing of toxic gases of mills. The environment is greatly affected by the unfiltered gases. Harmonizing to the statistical study. the toxic gases which released by mills is one of the most important subscribers to air pollution. In today’s competitory universe. mills are planted everyplace. Once the procedures is carried on with high efficiency. the wallowing fume is released out. The bulk of the mills release the fume without filtrating it as they do non hold a smoke-filtered system in their smokestack tubings. In order to salvage costs. the mills merely let go of the toxic fume to the unfastened air. The first consequence of air pollution is human wellness job. The dirty and even toxic air may take to the appearance of wellness jobs such as asthma and the common-knowing external respiration jobs. If a individual unrecorded in a air polluted residential lodging for a perennial clip. the individual will no longer remain healthy. it is merely a simple common sense. Peoples look for a healthy life. but they make their life unhealthy by themselves. Compare to the past 40 to 50 old ages. the per centum of asthma-suffered people have increased at a high rate. This shows that the grade of air pollution is acquiring higher over the half century. As a human being. we have the duty to do our environment better. alternatively of do it worse. Another consequence of air pollution is doing of haze. As we all know. haze is caused by unfastened firing such as forest fires that is besides one of the causes. As the reaching of fume haze. we are holding a low visibleness while we are driving. The scenario go more unsafe in the main road as people drive at a faster velocity and they are unable to halt all of a sudden as the autos in forepart of them make an exigency interruption. Sometimes the occurring of accidents might caused by this. Furthermore. haze besides make us smelly. For those who are more frail. they may acquiring cough as the haze will do us fight to inhale swimmingly. As a decision. the causes of air pollution are excessively many vehicles keep on let go ofing the C monoxide. Furthermore. the toxic fume released by mills without filtering is besides one of the chief causes of air pollution. As a effect. air pollution may impact our healthy jobs. Furthermore. it may do the reaching of haze. All of us are populating together and sharing an environment. we ourselves have the duty to protect it from destructing. If we do non protect it and merely allow off the jobs of air pollution. how awful it will be? So. love our environment. for our ain good and besides for our future coevals.

Web Class Room Essays - Educational Psychology, Distance Education

Web Class Room How to Go From Class-Room to Web-Room as Painlessly as Possible 1.0 ABSTRACT Getting your course onto the World Wide Web (WWW) is best done using a systematic approach. There are a number of steps that need to be taken prior to starting any of the actual web work. Meetings should be held with various groups within your institution. Once the actual coursework is begun, there are some essential components and some optional components. There are specific skills and talents that you either need to acquire or you need to access. Each web-based course is unique, but they often have many components in common. Some are essential, others may be optional. Resources can be found on your campus, from the many web companies and from the web itself. 2.0 KEY WORDS World Wide Web, WWW, Distance Education, HTML, Web-Based Instruction 3.0 INTRODUCTION The number of degree credit courses available on the World Wide Web (WWW) has increased at the same astonishing rate as other activities on the WWW. There are some specific steps that can be taken that will help to transport the professor from the idea stage to the delivery of a course over the WWW. Also, just like any other educational technology, web-based instruction works better for some situations than others. Web-based instruction is useful when you want to create a virtual environment which is not easily or, perhaps, safely accessible. An example is sending learners to a virtual nuclear lab or on a "virtual tour" of the Louver in Paris. 4.0 WEB BASED INSTRUCTION Web-based instruction it allows learners to gain knowledge and skill more effectively than traditional methods. Simply transferring material such as lecture notes to the web is not using the technology to its best advantage. Lengthy text such as lecture notes are, in fact, best printed because most learners experience eye strain and sensory disinterest reading long passages of text on a screen. Some specific situations tend to lend themselves to web-based instruction. 4.1 Encouraging Communication You want to encourage communication through conferencing. Through internet conferencing learners may participate in discussions or group work with one another with or without the participation of the instructor. Role plays, simulations of historical events and debates are also examples of how learning can be facilitated through the conferencing option. 4.2 Accessing Source Documents You want learners to use "source documents" to complete assignments such as conducting an analysis or designing a project. These source documents may not be readily available to learners or perhaps, based on the assignment, will not be equally significant to all the learners. For example, you may ask learners to research and analyze issues pertaining to Canadian elections. To complete the assignment, various learners may access archived information such as newspaper and journal articles which specifically relate to their particular interest or point of view. One example is a site operated by the University of Victoria (http://web.uvic.ca/history robinson/index.html) which contains letters, maps, biographies and newspaper articles about the murder of William Robinson committed on Saltspring Island in 1868. The information at the site allows learners and the public to pursue their research as they please and to access original documents which are not generally available. Individuals are free to interpret the meaning of the documents and reach their own conclusions. 4.3 Flexibility of Learning You want to provide maximum flexibility to allow learners to undertake learning and research in the order which best suits them. Because the web allows learners to "move around" at will, they do not need to follow a structured hierarchy. Generally learners need and want some direction but the web allows a more flexible approach. 4.4 Further Study You want learners to pool data and/or analysis to find patterns and trends or to undertake further study. 5.0 ASSUMPTIONS For a starting point and to keep us on track in this paper, I will discuss degree credit courses delivered by the University of New Brunswick. I will assume that for your case there is ready WWW web access for the professor as well as web access for students. Again, for consistency, I expect my students to have at least Netscape 3 (or its equivalent), their own internet service provider (ISP), and the skills necessary to access the WWW. These are my starting points - but most concepts discussed will transfer across institutional lines. 6.0 BEFORE YOU START YOUR COMPUTER 6.1 Steps to Take There a number of things that you should do before you begin to do any coding, contracting or late night computer hacking. There are meetings to setup, there is paper

Japan Essays - Empire Of Japan, Strategic Management, Shwa Period

Japan Essays - Empire Of Japan, Strategic Management, Shwa Period Japan The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, an American operation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of the Allied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to make a military government of Japan possible; so t hey decided to act through the existing Japanese gobernment. General Mac Arthur became, except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of the former imperial forces was complet ed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashes and scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to live in the damp, and col d of the concrete buildings, because they were the only ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tile roof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs of winter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all the s team-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the first post war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was considered lucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddle around. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, each house was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernistic city had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack of time before the next winte r. The thousands of people who lived in railroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. All they cared about was food. General MacAruther asked the government to send food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said, "Send me food, or send me bullets." American troops were forbidden to eat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparse local supply. No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durning the first six months after the American presence there. Herbert Hoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisory committee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of food to be distributed in different urban areas. Fi sh, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the large vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U.S.S.R. closed off the fishing g rounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was the adoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. When the Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to come up with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with only minor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effect on May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the prime minister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made as independent of executive interference as possible, and a newly created supreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality of laws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. The Emperor was reduced to being a symbol of the unity of the nation. Japanese began to see him in person. He went to hospitals, schools, mines, industrial plants; he broke ground for public buildings and snipped tape at the opening of gates and highways. He was steered here and there, shown things, and kept muttering, "Ah so, ah so." People started to call him "Ah-so-san." Suddenly the puybli c began to take this shy, ill-at-ease man to their hearts. They saw in him something of their own conqured selves, force to do what was alien to them.

Exectutive Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exectutive Coaching - Essay Example And Terry Larsen wants to turn the bully nature style of management environment into caring and more open cooperate culture which is made up of mutual trust, teamwork, spirit and respect. In the time of Yvette Hyater-Adams and Terry Larsen, they both aimed on these issues and arranged and conducted workshops and training conferences related to diverse cultural, gender discrimination and diversity. The main issues which CoreStates was going through were also the same. There were these inside politics which were eating the environment of organization like termite. So the main issues which a company was going through were culture issues, lack of respect, openness towards diversity, mutual learning, lack of teamwork and trust. Hyater Adams and Terry Larsen though both were from different background believed in same vision and wanted to bring discipline and mentor the people of organization. So they aimed to improve the cultural relation of workers in Corestate. OCCURANCE OF ISSUES: When Hyater Adams joined the Corestate, she being a black woman has always faced hard difficulties. She wanted to apply her broad vision of culture and diversity to the people of Corestate. Being a vice president she had a position to bring and apply her vision which was not an idea leading to personal betterment but to the organization. Tarry Larsen and Hyater Adams

Image Encryption Reserach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Image Encryption Reserach - Research Paper Example This paper is a summary of the encryption algorithms and their classification that is based on their means. We analyze the mathematical based, DNA encryption as well as the Chaos based. The objectives and future achievements that are in place are also discussed. Introduction In our current world, very important information is always transmitted to various places via the internet. For some reason, this information may sometimes be accessed by people who should not access the information at all e.g. internet hackers. It is for this reason that most organizations prefer to use image hiding to protect the crucial information that they move in the network. Image encryption is the cryptographic process that involves the transformation of plaintext information, using the cipher algorithm so that it is made unreadable to anyone apart from the people who have the professional special knowledge about the encryption usually called the key. As a result ciphertext is made this is encrypted inform ation. In order to make the encrypted message readable again, a process known as decryption is done to the encrypted information (Cimato 56). During the process of image encryption, three main processes are involved. This include; pixel scrambling, this is very simple and in most cases easy to achieve. However its security is compromising. This is because in this process, only the positions of the pixels are changed but not the positions of the pixel gray. The second process is pixel replacement. In this type Boolean operation XOR is used to alter the values of the gray. However if plain attacks come, then the process is not effective. The combination of the pixel replacement and the pixel scrambling is the third process. This is the most effective way to encrypt information. Advantages of image encryption Image encryption is one of the most affordable and important defense mechanisms available to many small businesses. Below are some of its advantages in the application of data sec urity. 1. In case a hacker gets past all other measures of security, a well, encrypted information automatically stops them from getting past this security measure. It is therefore a good security measure. 2. Another importance of encryption is that incase a laptop of an employee working with a lot of information is stolen, the laptop will not be able to work outside that organization due to the encrypted information hence protecting the information. 3. Image encryption is very cheap and efficient compared to other data protection techniques. This is the reason why many businesses prefer to use image encryption. 4. It is also used for the verification and authentication of the image (Tina ET all 78). Section 2 Image encryption techniques Mathematical concept-based image encryption techniques In this type of technique, concepts of mathematics are used to build and design the encryption algorithms. There are three types that are involved; non linear matrix mixing sometimes known as th e Arnold transformation, this type mixes pixels according to color space and phase space. It uses the cipher that is derived from cease. The second one is the use of space curves e.g. H curve, E curves and so on. This type uses the principle of non omitted and non repetitive to reach the desired goals (Pommer 112). Recorded pixels are the last one. This type uses the methods of trigonometric transformations, and logarithmic transformations. Secret segment

Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi Analysis Essay Example for Free

Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi Analysis Essay In the book, Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi, the main character is the author as a young girl growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution of 1979. She starts off as an incredibly positive child with enormous faith in herself and her relationship with G-d. Through her experiences, especially when she was in her crucial, early teenage years, she completely loses her faith in G-d and also rebels against her environment. The author wants to show the Western world that there are many people in Iran, like Marjane, that are no different than Westerners. She does this by describing her childhood teenage conflicts with her parents, with oppression and with her faith in G-d, all of which most Western teenagers could easily relate to. Marjane’s conflicts prove that she is not just a spoiled teenager, rebelling for no other reason than just being a teenager, but that the environment she was in would make most teenagers rebel. Two of Marjane’s conflicts with her parents come from her strong desire to participate in the public protests against the Shah. Marjane has a close relationship with her parents, whose activism against oppression influences her greatly. She sees her parents go to protests against the Shah and she desperately wants to join in and be a part of it. On panels 16.9-17.6, Marjane is begging her parents to allow her to join them in the next day’s protests. She says to them, â€Å"For a revolution to succeed, the entire population must support it.† They tell her she can’t go yet because it is too dangerous. She is very upset with them for not letting her go. Later, on panels 38.1-39.5, Marjane defies her parents’ authority by attending a demonstration with her maid, Mehri. The author narrates, â€Å"When I finally understood the reasons for the Revolution I made my decision.† Marjane is referring to her decision to go to a protest against the Shah. This is after her maid’s heart is broken because the boy she is in love with dumps her when he finds out she is below his social class. Marjane believes that the Revolution will abolish the social class system. These two examples of conflict with her parents show that Marjane is not just acting out against her parents, but cares deeply for the future of her country and those closest to her, like her maid. The Islamic Fundamentalists’ new rules and laws also create conflicts for Marjane because of the influence from her parents’ secular beliefs and her previous secular schooling. On panels 96.1-98.7, the author describes Marjane’s new school environment after her secular French school is shut down. The students are forced into Islamic schools where the girls and boys are separated. They have new rituals to perform, like hitting themselves to honor the Iran-Iraq war casualties. Almost immediately, the students begin to make fun of the rituals and the new teachers enforcing them. The school is so upset with the students’ behavior that the parents are called in for a lecture as well. At the end of the lecture, Marjane’s father says to the teacher, â€Å"If hair is as stimulating as you say, then you need to shave your mustache!† This shows Marjane’s parents’ rebellion against the Fundamentalism, which heavily influences Marjane. It also shows that Marjane, and her fellow students in this case, are not doing anything wrong in their parents’ eyes, but simply having a tough time adapting to this completely new set of beliefs, rules and laws. A similar conflict for Marjane revolves around the new, strict rules on what women can wear in public. On panels 130.1-134.4, Marjane’s parents return from a trip to Turkey with gifts of Western clothing for her. She immediately puts them on, gets a compliment from her mother, and goes out to buy some black market rock and roll tapes. She is confronted by the Guardians of the Revolution for wearing the Western clothing and almost gets arrested. Like any teenager who receives cool, new clothes from their parents, she wants to immediately enjoy wearing them. Also, she has only known freedom and has been taught by her parents that it is OK to express herself with clothing. Rather than being a spoiled teenager, rebelling against the Fundamentalists, she is simply a teenager expressing herself and trying to enjoy herself in her new clothes. Marjane’s environment also causes her to have a major conflict with her faith in G-d. As a young girl, Marjane truly believes that she will be the Last Prophet. (6.3-9.6) She feels so strongly about this and her relationship with G-d she even endures ridicule from her classmates for saying she will be a Prophet. But, as her environment changes, and the Revolution starts to build, she shows signs of conflict with her faith in G-d. On Panel 10.1 she says, â€Å"My faith was not unshakable.† On 10.2 the author narrates, â€Å"The year of the Revolution I had to take action. So I put my prophetic destiny aside for a while.† The fact that she truly believed she would become a prophet, to the point of enduring ridicule, showed that she was very serious about her faith in G-d. Then her environment changes so much due to the building Revolution and the terrible things happening in Iran under the Shah’s government that she takes her emotional energy away from her f aith in G-d and starts to put it towards the Revolution. Her once strong relationship with G-d ends completely when her uncle Anoosh is falsely accused of being a Russian spy and executed. (70.1) On panel 70.4, Marjane tells G-d, â€Å"Get out of my life! I never want to see you again!† Throughout the rest of Persepolis, Marjane never again mentions G-d. She went from believing she is a prophet, and talking to G-d regularly, to completely rejecting Him. This profound change shows that Marjane’s life was deeply affected by her environment. When the tough environment Marjane grew up in is considered, her conflicts with her parents, with oppression and with her faith in G-d seem understandable. Her conflicts with her parents arose mainly from her desire to protest because that’s what she thought she should be doing. Her conflicts with her oppressive, Islamic Fundamentalist school are understandable because it was all new for her and her classmates. And finally, her conflict with her faith in G-d was due to the overwhelming circumstances of the Revolution and the oppressive, Islamic Fundamentalist regime. Her reactions to her environment seem completely normal and justified. She is not a rebellious child and teenager, but is just very committed to whatever she believes in, and conflict almost always comes with commitment.

Lee Tamahoris Once Were Warriors Essay -- Movie Film Essays Once Were

Lee Tamahori’s Once Were Warriors Filmic technique plays a vital role in the way an audience looks at a character or society in a whole. Lee Tamahori’s film â€Å"Once were warriors† uses filmic technique in the crafting of the characters, the roles they adopt and the society they live in. Filmic Technique helps to exhibit the Heke family as trapped in society, with a vicious cycle of alcohol, violence, male domination, unemployment and pointless parties. In order to try and free themselves from the vicious cycle or to just find peace and happiness; each character has a way of escaping the harsh reality of the society they live in. The choice to escape is theirs, and the route they take can be looked at as either real or fantasy. The opening shot of ‘Once were warriors’ begins with an idyllic and placid landscape, stereotypical of the beautiful scenery of New Zealand. It is presented as pure serenity; it can be any place, any time. The picture is frozen, pretty as a picture. There is no pollution or garbage to be seen. No signs of human life, and is free of all the hustle and bustle of city. The music supports the idyllic image, with a serene and tranquil tone in the flow of the music. The music benefits the picture, and helps the audience create a perfect moment in their mind. As the camera pans left, the audience is feed the sound of busy city life. The complete opposite to the image the audience had experienced just moments before. The soundtrack is vital, as it creates a direct image to match the visual that the audience sees. The audience at this point must recognise the difference between the two scenes and realise why it was used. The use of soundtrack and carefully structured images creates an uneasy tension in... ... warriors. But unlike your Jake, they were people with munnah, pride; people with spirit . If my spirit can survive living with you for eighteen years, then I can survive anything.† The use of filmic technique, at Grace’s funeral helps to convey the release of the Heke’s entrapment. The use of soft tones and a sun setting sky creates a sense that they are at peace now. Jake and his influences no longer trap them. Throughout the film â€Å"Once Were Warriors† filmic technique is used to convey each member of the Heke family as trapped in one way or another. If not by their own actions, resulting in their own downfall, then by their influencing society. Lee Tamahori takes full advantage of filmic technique to create a powerful and dramatic film. The film captures the audiences not just by looking at domestic violence, but the way it affect those it reflects on.

Fast Food Franchises Pakistan Essay

A survey was conducted amongst several people from different categories of the society to determine the conclusion of this report’s research. Also, certain threats to western fast food franchise were discussed. In this report we covered McDonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut as the main western franchise restaurants, with a few references to the Subway chain. 2. Introduction 2. 1. WHAT IS A FRANCHISE? A franchise is defined as a legal and commercial relationship between the owner of a trademark, service mark, trade name, or advertising symbol and an individual or group wishing to use that identification in a business. Each franchise business has been authorized by a parent company, or franchisor, to sell their goods or services either in a retail space or a designated geographical location. The franchise administers the method of conducting business between the two parties. Generally, a franchisee sells goods or services supplied by the franchisor or that meet the franchisor’s quality standards. The franchisee has the rights to market the product or service using the operating methods of the franchisor. The franchisee has the obligation to pay the franchisor certain fees and royalties in exchange for these rights. The franchisor has the obligation to provide these rights and generally support the franchisee. In this sense, franchising is not a business or an industry, but a method used by businesses for the marketing and distribution of their products or services. Both franchisor and franchisee have a strong vested interest in the success of the brand and keeping their customers happy. 2. 2. WHAT IS FAST FOOD? Fast food is any food that is quick, convenient, and usually inexpensive. It is a type of food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with low quality preparation and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-away. Fast food can be bought just about anywhere that sells food and snacks. Street vendors and drive-thru restaurants are probably the most common places to find fast food. It’s so popular because for a cheap price you can usually get a meal that’s satisfying. But fast food is inexpensive because it is usually made with cheaper ingredients such as high fat meat and foods that contain lots of unhealthy fats (saturated and trans-fats) and cholesterol, instead of nutritious foods such as lean meats, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Fast food in Pakistan is available almost anywhere, and the franchising of international fast food brands has created a new and successful market. 1 2. 3. WESTERN FAST FOOD CHAINS IN PAKISTAN Globalization has made our world a smaller place. Cultural exchange has exposed our society to foreign ideas and foreign foods have entered our country. The following is an introduction of the three most famous western franchises in Pakistan: 2. 4. McDonalds [pic] McDonalds first opened its store in Pakistan in September 1998. Since then, they have opened seventeen new stores throughout Pakistan. Today, millions of Pakistanis place their trust in McDonald’s everyday to provide them with food of a very high quality as well as good service. In the past five years, the response to McDonalds coming from Pakistanis has been overwhelming. Currently, Lakson Group Companies has taken over McDonalds Corporation, USA and a local partner making it a 100% owned and operated Pakistani company. The first set of golden arches began shining back in September 1998 in the city of Lahore. The opening was met with great excitement, and about a week later the McDonalds in Karachi opened. As of 2005, there were 18 restaurants in Pakistan: 7 in Karachi, 1 in Hyderabad, 9 in Lahore, and 1 in Faisalabad. [1] 2. 5. KFC [pic] In Pakistan KFC was franchised by Artal Restaurants International in 1997. it was a Belgium based business group. KFC opened its first restaurant in Pakistan in 1997 at Nipa Chorangi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi. KFC opened its first restaurant in Lahore, in June 1997, which was third in Pakistan. Today, KFC has more than 43 restaurants in Pakistan. The market is ripe for many more restaurants and the investors are keen to invest. In 2001, KFC franchise was taken over by Gray Mackenzie Restaurants International. Currently KFC in Pakistan is owned by a Dubai based company Cupola which is the world’s largest restaurant system with over 32,500 restaurants in more than 100 countries and territories. KFC is in a phase of growth and is expanding rapidly. The quality of their product is convincing the customers not to shift to any other brand. KFC has won several awards for there good food quality, customer relationship and for providing means of income for the masses of the country. The company is presently a giant in the fried chicken industry as there competitors are far behind. Presently they are trying to innovate there products for the ease of the customers, and they are also focusing on providing there customers with more healthy food. KFC is expected to dominate the huge local market of fast food restaurants in the Pakistan and provide high quality and healthier food to their customers. KFC has a huge scope of progressing further and has lots of opportunities in local market. KFC is expected to have more than 100 branches all over Pakistan in the near future. [2] 2. 6. PIZZA HUT [pic] When it was initially opened in Pakistan, over 10 years ago in December 1993, Pizza Hut got a very good response by the Pakistani consumer base. Pizza Hut–Pakistan is working under a franchise agreement between MCR (Private) Limited and TRICON Restaurants International (Former Pepsi Co restaurant International). Pizza Hut Pakistan reports to TRICON (India) & TRICON Singapore simultaneously. Pizza Hut opened its first outlet in Clifton Karachi and the people of Pakistan welcomed them with open arms. As most restaurants do, Pizza Hut did not face the problem of taste development because it introduced some of the local taste in their Pizzas, like Chicken Tikka Pizza, Masala Pizza and Chappli Kebab Pizza. Currently, Pizza Hut has 14 outlets in all over Pakistan and it still aiming to further expand. It is the market leader in the pizza market within Pakistan. [3] 3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT The establishment of western franchise fast food chains in Pakistan has affected the business activities to some extent. They have also developed new tastes for our society and lifestyles. Here are a few aspects of how McDonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut have contributed in our economy and social lives. 3. 1. [pic] †¢ McDonald’s in Pakistan is currently employing about 1,000 Pakistanis and each store is managed by Pakistani managers. †¢ McDonalds has investment of over Rs 300 crore in the country and payment of taxes and duties amounting to more than Rs 100 crore. †¢ Since McDonalds is doing so well in Pakistan they will continue to grow and add more stores in more cities in the future. †¢ The managers working for Lakson, reportedly monthly to the McDonalds headquarter located in Illinois. In the eighteen restaurant located in Pakistan all of the employees, managers as well as those working for Lakson are of Pakistani descent. †¢ Since McDonald’s first opened in Pakistan back in September of 1998 they have been able to add things to their menu that cater to the needs of the Pakistani’s culture. Almost all the people of Pakistan practice Islam. The Islamic dietary laws are called Halal. Halal is also the term for permitted foods. Prohibited foods as described in the Quran are called Haram. Some of these foods include pork and birds of prey, alcohol is also prohibited and stimulants, such as coffee and tea, are avoided by the most devout. There are also guidelines on how meat must be slaughtered. McDonalds has tried to work with this by offering menu choices such as the McArabia that are acceptable for Muslims. In Muslim countries all of McDonald’s meat is slaughtered and prepared according to Islamic Halal standards. Not that long ago McDonalds change their burgers, cookies, and hamburger buns so they do not contain any lard, making more acceptable to more people in Pakistan. †¢ They also keep the classics on the menu. They do offer what they call a McArabia, which is chicken on flatbread with a special sauce and they also offer many of the originals such as the Big Mac and hamburger with chicken. So while McDonalds has modified their menu to include some local favorites they have also kept the infamous burgers and meals. †¢ As does the McDonalds in the United States, the McDonald’s in Pakistan also caters to the children of the community. They offer four types of happy meals, which of course include a toy. Currently with the purchase of a happy meal the kids get a Kung Fu Panda Movie toy. †¢ Another exciting fixation that McDonald’s Pakistan is doing is they are now offering their McDelivery service free of charge. This delivery service will deliver all menu items to customers with order of RS 150 or more. Since this service is relatively new it is only offered at two stores at this time. They include Karachi and Lahore, but other locations will be added to this list soon. †¢ Just like the McDonalds in the United States they also hold birthday parties at McDonald’s in Pakistan. They even offer birthday packages with food and surprises for the kids. †¢ McDonalds has also become involved in the Pakistani community by taking part in local projects and charities. As stated in their vision McDonalds is firmly committed to giving back to the communities they operate in. They take part by giving money they receive in stores every month to Darul Skoon (orphan house). †¢ When McDonalds opened its first store in Pakistan the drive through lines were seven kilometers long. With lines this long is was obvious that many Pakistanis were happy to welcome McDonalds into their homes. †¢ According to The News International McDonalds in Pakistan has sold more burgers in Pakistan than anywhere else in the world. With only 18 stores currently in Pakistan this shows how busy McDonalds is. Many people are excited to have McDonalds because it is a â€Å"brand-name† and it gives them the opportunity to enjoy the same things that foreigners enjoy. †¢ McDonald’s costs the same in Pakistan as in the US, and given the per capita GDP disparity between the two countries, it is the cheapest food in the United States, while being one of the most expensive in Pakistan. Even with the high cost people are still flocking to McDonalds. †¢ McDonald’s business operation in Pakistan overall has been a complete success for the McDonalds Corporation as well as the Pakistani community. Both parties involved have gained more than their anticipated outcome from the arrival of McDonalds back in 1998. †¢ In the future it is believed that McDonalds will continue to grow within Pakistan and throughout the world. It is also felt that the Pakistani people will work very hard to keep McDonalds name and food service at the high quality people are used to. [4] 3. 2. †¢ [pic]The government of Pakistan receives over Rs. 10 million per month from KFC Pakistan as direct taxes. †¢ Around 95% of all food and packaging material used in KFC Pakistan is produced locally, which sums up to a purchase of over Rs. 35 million per month. †¢ For each new outlet developed by KFC Pakistan, it costs approximately Rs. 40 million, which is a huge amount for Pakistani construction industry. †¢ The products of KFC are not comparatively cheaper than the other brands in the market but still it doesn’t matter much because the quality as compared to there competitors is so good that people still go to KFC. KFC has tried to cater to the local environment in recent years and some achievements and adaptations include: †¢ Offered discounts on festival like Eid and Ramzan (all you can eat deals). †¢ Expansion of outlets throughout Pakistan. †¢ Children diversified products (nuggets, chicky meals). †¢ Improved dessert section (deal with Wall’s ice cream). †¢ Employing over 1000 Pakistanis. †¢ Introduction of local menu such as Arabian rice. [5] 3. 3. [pic]One of the greatest strengths of Pizza Hut is its strong brand name. Pizza hut is a well-known and popular chain of restaurants not only all over the world but also in Pakistan as well. Its positive brand image has furthered helped it gain a competitive edge in the market. †¢ Pizza Hut offers a different varieties of pizzas that agree with the tastes of all members of the target market. †¢ Main strength lies in the variety of deals offered by Pizza Hut from time to time. Deals such as â€Å"Midnight Deal† and â€Å"Rupee 1 Deal† actually help attract customers from different income segments. It has also pioneered in introducing membership cards to offer the members pizza at discounted rate. Special dicount cards are also offered. †¢ Yet strength of Pizza Hut is the large number of outlets that can be found all over Karachi and also within Pakistan. Pizza Hut has its outlets in all major areas of Karachi. †¢ Pizza Hut branches also have an unmatched ambiance not found in other restaurants. The ambiance and the environment and the feeling of just being there and being seen there is also unmatched by its competitors. †¢ Pizza Hut employs thosuands of Pakistanis. Another internal strength of Pizza Hut is that it has an attractive compensation program and low employee turnover. It provides best compensation package in the industry. It has a Health Care Policy, according to which it provides medical facilities to all its employees. Thus resulting in lower employee turnover rate. †¢ Pizza hut branches,such as the one in Clifton, Karachi , have installed arcades to provide recreation for children. Dot puzzles and a colouring layout is designed behind te dinner mats for the children. [6] 3. 4. PUBLIC SURVEY ON ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT A host of people were surveyed during this research to obtain the general public opinion on western franchises contributions : [pic] The survey conducted amongst several people in the writing of this report shows a general agreement that international franchise does bring valuable investment and income to Pakistan. Most people agree that there was an increment in government revenue since franchises were established here. [pic] The general survey suggests that most people consider the investment and revenue generated by the franchise industry as the most valuable contribution. Social progress was considered least important whereas the various career opportunities opened up by the franchise industry fared as the second best contribution. Many people agreed that the exposure to western culture through fast food was important too. [pic] In recent years, the health oriented approach to diet has taken a grasp over our society. Fast food is generally considered unhealthy because it is usually made with cheaper ingredients such as high fat meat and foods that contain lots of unhealthy fats (saturated and trans-fats) and cholesterol, instead of nutritious foods. However, the survey indicated that though the fast food maybe considered as unhealthy, the healthy approach to life does not affect the fast food industry very much. However, most people surveyed (33%) were not sure about this factor’s impact on business. 4. PROBLEMS AND THREATS FACED BY WESTERN FAST FOOD FRANCHISE Every business in Pakistan faces certain problems, and the western fast food franchises are no exceptions. Developing a franchise restaurant in a new country is difficult, and maintainence of business and market strenght is the toughest job for theses franchises. Here are a few problems they faced by Mcdonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut once they were established in Paksitan : 4. 1. PROBLEMS AND THREATS. †¢ [pic] POLITICAL: McDonalds, being an American restaurant, has faced problems due to politics and had to deal with the instability of the government. In 2007-08, Pakistan was having problems with their President Pervez Musharraf, an important US ally. There is also the conflict with Kashmir which could cause U. S. relations to deteriorate and cause McDonalds business in Pakistan to drop dramatically. †¢ GLOBAL: Another worry that can cause future problems for McDonalds is if the United States were to pull out the aid they are providing Pakistan for any reason. At that time since Musharraf was backing President Bush in the war on terror the United States was giving a large amount of aid and highly beneficial trade deals to Pakistan. Any mishap between the US and current Pakistani government can destroy the American business and influence. †¢ SECURITY: Some people who were angry about the bombings in Afghanistan in 2001immediately related McDonald’s back to the United States and began to vandalize the property. Many people believe that McDonald’s in one of the most popular American symbols, which of course puts it at risk when political upheaval begins. So while many Pakistanis enjoy McDonalds others see it as an American company and proceed to vandalize it due to what is going on with the war. There has been protesting against U. S. led attacks against Iraq and some groups have chosen to boycott against all western products including McDonalds. Along with these boycotts sales dropped a little, but there were not any drastic changes. [7] †¢ [pic] LOCAL FOODS: One of the mian competion for western franchises is the local food industry. Pakistan has a vast arsenal of traditional local menus. Hence, KFC still needs to capture fast food market because their market share in Pakistan is still low as compared to their competitor. †¢ DIESEASE: In 2005-07, Pakistan faced major a crises on the breakage of the bird flu virus. As KFC’s main specialty is chicken, in time of epedemics like bird flu they face heavy losses. KFC still needs to innovate their products to maintain competitive advantage. †¢ POLITICS: Politics has played a major role in the franchise food business. A couple of years back in Pakistan a few of KFCs branches were burned because the people thought that they were generating money for the US. †¢ HEALTH FACTOR : Fried Chicken is usually considered the most fat-containing food item. Oil in which chicken is fried is high in cholestrol, and the healthy approach to diet in recent years may hinder KFC’s growth. †¢ [pic]LOCAL FOODS: A major threat for Pizza Hut is the competition from local restaurants. Not only are other franchises a threat but also local restaurants such as Lal Qila, Usmania, Village etc. these restaurants pose as a potential threat to Pizza Hut because they also offer food which is the ultimate aim of the customer. †¢ POLITICAL: Pizza Hut, being an American franchise restaurant, has faced problems similar to that of KFC and McDonalds due to politcal reasons. Hostilty towards American influences can lead to a decrease in sales and hamper business activity. †¢ HEALTH FACTOR: Food form Pizza Hut is considered relatively heavy, due to the massive amounts of cheese used in their pizzas. The ever present salad bar has not dispelled health concerns as people believe that the sauces used in the salad themselves contain heavy fat contents. Pizza Hut has, however, tried to diversify its menu with the introduction of new appetizers. 4. 2. PUBLIC SURVEY ON PROBLEMS AND THREATS FACED BY WESTERN FAST FOOD Many people had their own opinions on which problem threatens the western fast food industry the most in Pakistan. One of the major issues was the health factor as the point of â€Å"well balanced diet† is highly debatable in terms of fast food. [pic] Many people believe that the most important threat faced by western fast food franchise is the security. Most franchises are of American origin, and hence the on going war on terror hugely affect Pak-US relations. Also, any instabilty in the political system can turn the franchise into victims of vandalism. A large propotion of people also expressed that the vast local food industry challenges the strenght of the western fast food franchise. They argued that since local foods are cheaper, few people can afford western fast food. Those who argued for global crises claimed that the recent recession can make western fast food unaffordable. 4. 3. HEALTH FACTOR AS A THREAT [pic] A majority of people agreed that the main rival to KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut is the more healthier menu of Subway. Subway offers a large variety of healthy meals with heavy vegetable and protein content as compared to other franchises. Hence Subway is a major threat to the business of these franchises. [pic] This survey on health was again conducted, but from a different angle. KFC and its fried chicken, which is highly oily, was considered appropriately as the most unhealthiest restaurant. However, in this second survey most people also argued that the many sauces used by Subway in its sandwiches contain large fat contents, so Subway may not necessarily pose a huge threat to the other franchises. 5. GENERAL CONSUMER RESPONSE In this report, research was also conducted on factors which compell the people to dine in these western fast food franchises. For this purpose we would like to like to categorize people as follows: i) Low category people ii) Middle category people iii) High category people Their responses are: i) Low category people:- These people eat fast food very seldom. They visit fast food restaurants only at special occassions,as it is not that much easy for everyone to afford the quality food provided by the western fast food franchises like KFC, McDonalds etc. Some of these people dont want to waste their money on fast food, and rather have food at their own homes. Besides this, these people are also not habitual of fast food. They are not encouraging the fast food business in Pakistan. Even if fast food has been banned in this country, these people won’t be affected in any way. ii) Middle category people:- These people consume fast foods on a consistent basis. It depends upon the status factor. Many people like to boast about having dinner in a â€Å"foreign† and â€Å"branded† restaurant. They eat out in these restaurants once or even twice in a week. They pay a valuable response to fast food as they look for quality food and this response encourages the western fast food franchises. iii) High category people:- The people in this category have fast foods very often. They not only look for quality foods but they consider it as a means of having fun with friends. The natural ambience of these restaurants is also a major attraction to them. No matter how high the prices of food items at western fast food franchises go, these people are always ready to pay. They are helping to increase the trend of fast foods in Pakistan, which definitely encourages their business. Besides these categories there are also some health conscious people (as discussed previoulsy) who donot want eat fast food because of fat contents in these fast foods. Such people can be found in all categories discuused above. Reasearch on most important factor for dining in a western franchise fast food is as follows: [pic] The unmatchable quality of food offered by the western franchise fast food restaurants is the main factor of attracting people. Fast food is also widley considers to be tasty, as proved by the above consesnus. The price of food at these restaurants is also significant when opting to dine there. A very few people just dine in these restaurants because of the ambience and its attractiveness. The following is the survey on peoples preferences of various fast food franchises: [pic] Most people, particularly here in Karachi, prefer to dine at Pizza Hut. It is the different variety of pizzas offered that has given Pizza Hut its widespread popularity. Also most Pakistanis generally enjoy heavy diet, and pizzas fulfill this desire. As seen above, very few people enjoy the light delicacies offered by Subway. Chicken constitutes in the basic diet of people here, and it is no surprise to see KFC score 31%. 6. CONCLUSION In culmination, we would like to conclude that the establishment of western fast food franchises in Pakistan has indeed proved to be a successful business endeavor. The economic and social contributions outweigh the threats they face by a greater margin. With greater and successful planning, the western fast food franchises can easily minimize their threats and problems. Doing so can speed their progressive activities in Pakistan. We can also conclude that the general public response to these franchises in Pakistan is positive and many people are willing to dine at these franchise restaurants because of they high quality and standard they deliver. 7. QUESTIONNAIRE Franchise Food Chains in Pakistan Questionnaire 1. Select below the income band you fall under: o Rs. 5000-10,000 pm o Rs. 10,000-20,000 pm o Rs. 20,000-40,000 pm o Rs. 40,000 & above pm 2. How often do you dine out in a month: o Once o Twice o Thrice o Never 3. Do you prefer Pakistani restaurants or western franchise? o Pakistani o Western 4. For western, kindly rate the following restaurants according to your preferences on a scale from 1-5 (1 being the highest): o KFC_____ o Pizza Hut_____ o Subway _____ o McDonalds _____ 5. What are the factors you consider most important when dining out in a western franchise? (Rank from 1-5, 1 being the highest) o Price_______ o Ambience_______ o Status Quo_______ o Taste_______. o Quality_______ 6. Do you think western franchise in food industry is bringing good investments in Pakistan? o Yes________ o If No, then why? 7. In recent years do you think that the more health oriented approach of people has affected the franchise food industry: o Yes o No o Not sure 8. Do you agree that Subway offers a healthier alternative to fast food? o Yes o No o Not sure 9. Rank on a scale from 1-5 (1 being the highest) the most important contributions of fast food chains in Pakistan: o Career Opportunities ________ o Investment/Revenues ________ o Social Progress ________ o Cultural Exchange ________. 10. Has the political situation in Pakistan drastically affected franchise food business: o Yes o No o To some extent o Not sure 11. What are the factors that can hinder the growth of Franchise food industry in our country? o Political Instability o Global Crisis o Security Concerns o Local Food industry o Others, Please specify: 12. On a scale of 1-4 (1 being the highest) rate the restaurants which offer the healthiest food. o Pizza Hut _______ o Subway _______ o McDonalds _______ o KFC _______ 13. According to you what percentage of the urban population consumes franchise fast food? o 60%-40% o 40%-20%. o 20%-10% o Less than 10% 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY WEBSITES: †¢ Corporate Webpage of McDonalds. McDonalds Corporate. 2004. Mar. 2005. . †¢  ¦Corporate Website of Pakistan McDonalds. McDonalds Pakistan. Aug. 2002. Mar. 2005. †¢ http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/kfc+pakistan/0 †¢ http://www. fratfiles. com/essays/55556. html †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant †¢ http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid= †¢ http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/pizza+hut+pakistan/0 ———————– [1] Reference: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant [2] Refer.ence:  §? Corporate Website of Pakistan McDonalds. McDonalds Pakistan. Aug. 2002. Mar. 2005. †¢ [3] Reference: http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/ ¦Corporate Website of Pakistan McDonalds. McDonalds Pakistan. Aug. 2002. Mar. 2005. [4] Reference: http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/kfc+pakistan/0 †¢ [5] Reference: http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/pizza+hut+pakistan/0 †¢ [6] Reference: Corporate Website of Pakistan McDonalds. McDonalds Pakistan. Aug. 2002. Mar. 2005. [7] Reference: http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/kfc+pakistan/0 [8] Reference: http://www. fratfiles. com/topics/pizza+hut+pakistan/0 [9] Reference: http://www. fratfiles. com/essays/55556. html.